Kuyang'ana zomwe zikuchitika komanso tsogolo lamakampani oyambira kunyumba kuchokera kumakampani opanga makina ojambulira

0.Ndemanga

Patapita zaka zoposa khumi mofulumira chitukuko cha makina opangira jekeseni ku China, makina opangira jekeseni akula kuchokera ku ang'onoang'ono mpaka akuluakulu, kuyambira wofooka mpaka wamphamvu, ndipo akhala gawo lalikulu la dziko. Pankhani ya malonda a pachaka a makina opangira jekeseni, ali ndi malo pamasanjidwe apadziko lonse lapansi. , ndi wopanga wamkulu komanso wogulitsa kunja kwa makina apulasitiki [1]. Ponena za masango opanga makina opangira jekeseni amakhudzidwa, Pali magulu awiri ku Pearl River Delta ndi Yangtze River Delta. M'dera la Yangtze River Delta, ndi Ningbo ngati likulu, pali opanga makina opangira jekeseni amitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso makulidwe, ndipo pali ambiri opanga maunyolo akumtunda ndi kunsi kwa mtsinje akuchirikiza, kupanga sikelo yathunthu yothandizira makina opangira jekeseni. kufika anthu ambiri. Komabe, mtengo wotulutsa ndi phindu la makina opangira jekeseni sangathe kufanana ndi kutulutsa kwakukulu. Itha kuwonedwa ngati kutulutsa kwa phindu laling'ono koma kubweza mwachangu, zomwe zili zamtundu wambiri, chotsatira cha chopereka cha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, kutulutsa kochepa, ndi mafakitale ogwira ntchito.

Kutumiza kunja ndi zida zotsika, ndipo zolowa kunja ndi zida zapamwamba. Zinganenedwenso kuti zogulitsa kunja ndi zitsulo ndipo zogulitsa kunja ndi zamakono [1]. Kuchulukitsa kwa makina opangira jekeseni ndikofanana ndi kugulitsa zinthu zopangira ndikusintha njira yogulitsira zitsulo.. Chitsulo chogulidwa kuchokera kunja chasungunuka ndi kuipitsidwa kwakukulu, ndiyeno mochulukirachulukira ndi zinthu zochepa zaukadaulo, kenako kutumizidwa kunja, ndalama zopezera phindu ndizochepa kwambiri. Kuchokera kunja, makampani obweretsedwa akupita patsogolo komanso odzaza ndi nyonga. Pamenepo, akadali openga kutsatira kukulitsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpikisano wodziwononga wokha pamakampani, zomwe zimabweretsa gawo lalikulu ku chilengedwe ndi zinthu zamakampani akumtunda. Kuchokera pamalingaliro amipikisano yamsika, m'mbuyomu, chinali makamaka kukula kwa kuchuluka ndi mpikisano wamitengo[1] .

1.Njira yopangira makina opangira jakisoni ku China

Pambuyo kuposa 30 zaka zachitukuko, Makina omangira jakisoni aku China akula kuyambira poyambira, kuyambira wamng'ono mpaka wamkulu. Kuyambira 1990s, kumene kunabadwira makina opangira jekeseni makamaka mbali zonse za mtsinje wa Pearl River. Panthawiyo kunali pafupi ndi Hong Kong. Mothandizidwa ndi malo abwino, kukonzanso kunali malo oyamba. Hong Kong ndi Taiwan ali ndi makina ambiri opangira jakisoni. Mitundu yayikulu monga: Chen Hsong, M'chaka , Baoyuan, Quan Lifa waku Taiwan, Zhongtai Precision Machinery, Fu Chunxin, etc.. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 21, makina opangira jekeseni anayamba kukula kuchokera kumwera mpaka kumtunda wa China. Nyenyezi yotuluka mumtsinje wa Yangtze Delta yapeza chitukuko chofulumira, ndipo dera la Yangtze River Delta lili ndi Ningbo ngati likulu lowunikira madera ozungulira. Makina opangira jakisoni akufalikira paliponse, ndipo makampani ambiri akumeneko abadwa.

M'zaka khumi zoyambirira za zana la 21, makina opangira jakisoni ochokera ku Hong Kong ndi Taiwan, komanso South Korea ndi Japan, pang'onopang'ono anataya ubwino wawo wakale ndipo pang'onopang'ono zinazimiririka kunja msika Chinese. Makampani am'deralo adaphulika pang'onopang'ono. Njira iyi ndi njira ya ebb ndi kutuluka. Pakadali pano, pali magulu awiri akuluakulu a makina opangira jekeseni, ndi maunyolo othandizira kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa mafakitale, monga: Pearl River Delta ndi Yangtze River Delta, motsatira mbali zonse za Pearl River Bay ku Guangdong; Mtsinje wa Yangtze uli ku Ningbo, kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa mafakitale othandizira. Kukula kwa China kwadzetsa nyonga muchuma chotseguka, idalimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wapakhomo ndi kupanga komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito,

Chothandizira chachikulu panthawiyi chinali kulimbikitsa kupititsa patsogolo lingaliro lautumiki wa chitukuko chamakampani olemera kwambiri, makamaka kukweza kwa katundu wopangira zida zopangira, ndi mbali inayo, idathandizira kusintha kwa lingaliro la kukonza antchito opanga. Mwa ichi, ndiko phindu lalikulu lomwe silingasinthidwe. Zokolola zokhutiritsa ndizothandizira kwambiri pamakampani opanga zinthu zapakhomo komanso kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa chithunzi chamakampani onse oyambira.. Zimalola makampani opangira zoweta zapakhomo kuti ayime pamzere woyambira womwewo monga makampani opanga makina opangira jekeseni akunja malinga ndi chithandizo cha lingaliro lautumiki, ndipo amatha kupikisana ndi makampani opanga makina opangira jekeseni akunja. Opanga makina opangira jekeseni ali ndi nsanja yofananira ndi mwayi wochita nawo mpikisano wapadziko lonse lapansi, chimene chiri choyamikirika kwambiri. stic processing ndi teknoloji yopanga ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito.

2.Mkhalidwe wamakono wa makina opangira jakisoni ku China

Kumbali ya kapangidwe, makina opangira jakisoni wamagetsi a hydraulic ali ndi magawo asanu ndi limodzi: clamping ndime chimango gawo, jekeseni zinthu gawo, chimango pepala zitsulo gawo, gawo la hydraulic, gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi, mafuta gawo ndi zina zotero. Ponena za dongosolo lalikulu la gawo lililonse, pepala zitsulo mbali ya chimango zonse welded ndi mbiri ndi mbale kudzera wosavuta kuwotcherera; gawo la chimango cha clamping ndi gawo losungunula jakisoni chotsani chisindikizo ndi chithandizo mu silinda ya actuator Gawo lomwe limapangidwanso kuchokera kuzitsulo ndi mbiri.;

Gawo la hydraulic la makina opangira jakisoni wamagetsi a hydraulic limapangidwa ndi zida zamagetsi, oyambitsa zoyamba, mapampu amafuta; zigawo zikuluzikulu, valavu mafuta, masilinda amafuta; kulumikiza mapaipi, etc.. Zidazi ndi zowonjezera zimapangidwa makamaka ku Germany ndi Japan pamakina opangira jakisoni a hydraulic. Monga: pampu yamafuta ya gwero lamagetsi ndi ma valve osiyanasiyana opangira mafuta, ndi zinthu zotsanzira za mavavu pawokha ku Taiwan; gawo lamagetsi lamagetsi ndilo gawo lalikulu la makina opangira jekeseni, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi pakati pa mitsempha ndi ubongo wa munthu. Mitundu yopangidwa ku Japan ndiyo ikuluikulu, ndipo zopangidwa ku Taiwan zimawonjezeredwa. Mitundu yopangidwa ndi opanga zapakhomo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina opangira jakisoni, ndipo pafupifupi palibe aliyense wa iwo amene wakwezedwa kwambiri.

Pankhani ya kapangidwe ka makina opangira jekeseni wamagetsi, kuwonjezera pa clamping ndime gawo, gawo lazinthu za jakisoni, gawo lachitsulo la chimango, gawo lowongolera magetsi ndi gawo lopaka mafuta, zomwe ndizofala pamakina opangira jakisoni wa hydraulic, palinso mphamvu ndi magawo opatsirana. Poyerekeza ndi makina onse opangira jakisoni wamagetsi ndi makina opangira jakisoni wamagetsi a hydraulic, kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti makina opangira jakisoni wamagetsi onse alibe mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yama hydraulic, kenako kutembenuzidwa kuchokera ku mphamvu ya hydraulic kukhala mphamvu yamakina, kuchotsa ulalo wapakati wa kutembenuka kwamphamvu kwa hydraulic. Kutembenuka kwa hydraulic energy sikunatchulidwe, ndipo kutembenuka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ku mphamvu ya hydraulic kumachepetsedwa. Pamene mphamvu ya hydraulic imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamakina, kutentha kopangidwa ndi hydraulic pressure, kutayika kwa mphamvu ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya kutembenuka kwa mkati mwa mphamvu zamakina kumabweretsa kusintha kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu; makina onse opangira jakisoni wamagetsi Mphamvu yamagetsi imayendetsedwa ndi ma mota onse, kudalira PLC ndi ukadaulo wowongolera servo, zomwe zimatha kuwongolera molondola kwambiri komanso kupulumutsa mphamvu kwambiri popewa phokoso wamba, kutentha ndi kutayikira kwamafuta kwa makina omangira jakisoni wa hydraulic

Popanda kufala ndi kutembenuka kwa hydraulic mphamvu, makampani akumtunda adzadalira migodi zachilengedwe, kuipitsa kudzakhala kochepa, ndipo padzakhala chisonkhezero chatsopano ndi chitsogozo cha chitukuko chokhazikika cha chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha izi, makina opangira jekeseni wamagetsi onse apatsidwa mbiri yopulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe. Makina opangira jekeseni wamagetsi onse amasintha mwachindunji mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yamakina kudzera pakusintha kwamakina, potero kuzindikira mphamvu yoyendetsa. Makina opangira jekeseni wamagetsi onse amatha kupulumutsa mphamvu 30% kuti 60% poyerekeza ndi makina wamba opangira jakisoni wa hydraulic[3][5], ndipo amatha kuzindikira Multi-action Run synchronously [4][5]. Makina opangira jekeseni wamagetsi onse amafunikira zida zosinthira zomwe zimatembenuza mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yamakina, ndipo zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza torque ndi mphamvu ziyenera kudalira kwambiri mayiko akunja ndipo zimayendetsedwa ndi makampani odziwika akunja.; zigawo zina zowongolera sizinathe kufanana m'nyumba Mwanjira ina, dziko likadali mu siteji ya ana. Mwachitsanzo, zomangira zopangira torque ndi mphamvu yamakina omangira jekeseni wamagetsi onse amadaliridwabe kwambiri kuchokera ku Japan., ndipo imayendetsedwabe ndiukadaulo wakunja. Itha kupangidwa kunyumba, koma ndi yaying'ono m'mimba mwake. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi chakuti zida zogwirira ntchito zimadalira zogulitsa kunja, ndipo ukadaulo wowongolera uyenera kuwongolera komanso kuphunzitsidwa bwino. ; Kuyendetsa kwa gawo lowongolera kumadalirabe ku Europe ndi Japan, zomwe zimapangitsa makina opangira jekeseni wamagetsi onse kukhala chidutswa chamafuta omwe aliyense amafuna kudya, koma mtengo wogulira zida zamakina ndizokwera kwambiri, ndipo mtengo wokonza m'nthawi yamtsogolo umapangitsa makina opangira jekeseni wamagetsi onse kukhala wamkulu Malowa amalimbikitsidwa bwino.

M'malo mwake, m'mayiko akunja, m’maiko ena akale okhala ndi maziko olimba a mafakitale, makina omangira jekeseni ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati kwenikweni sapanganso makina opangira jakisoni wa hydraulic. Ngakhale makina opangira ma hydraulic jakisoni amapangidwa, chiwerengero chake ndi chochepa. Kuyika ndalama ndi kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi kufalitsa mphamvu zamagetsi m'mafakitale ena zadzetsa chitukuko cha makampani olemera., monga Japan. Potengera kukula kwachangu kwa makina opangira jekeseni mzaka khumi zapitazi, kaya ndi makina opangira jekeseni wamagetsi onse kapena makina opangira jakisoni wa hydraulic, zigawo zake zazikulu ndi zapakati sizinafikire pamlingo wina wokhazikika.

3. M'mimba yopanda mphamvu ya makina omangira jekeseni

Kuchokera pakupanga ndi kapangidwe ka makina opangira jekeseni, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti zigawo zikuluzikulu, mphamvu ndi kulamulira mbali makina zoweta jekeseni akamaumba sanathe kugwiritsa ntchito zopangidwa kunyumba China, chifukwa cha ukadaulo wapamwamba kapena njira ya makina onse opangira jekeseni akudalirabe mayiko akunja. Zifukwa siziri zambiri: Chimodzi ndi chakuti fakitale iliyonse yopangira jekeseni yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yakunja kwa nthawi yayitali. Inertia yoganiza ndi chifukwa cha zovuta; china ndi chakuti ntchito zina ndi ntchito zotsatira za m'nyumba, kuphatikizapo moyo wautumiki, zili kutali kuti zifikire zotsatira zofanana ndi zakunja zazinthu zofanana; fakitale iliyonse yamakina opangira jakisoni pabizinesi yake Yathanzi komanso yokhazikika, ndizokayikitsa kuti apereke chitukuko chabwino kwambiri chabizinesi yake kuti apititse patsogolo kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe amakampani aku China pamakina opangira jekeseni., kotero mphamvu ndi gawo lowongolera la makina opangira jekeseni lidzalamulidwabe ndi mitundu yakunja kwa nthawi yayitali.

Monga: mapampu amafuta, valavu mafuta, ndipo olamulira a gawo loyang'anira amakhala makamaka zinthu zochokera kumakampani akale akale ku Europe ndi Japan. Chotsatira chachitali cha izi ndi: pamene mgwirizano wapadziko lonse uli wabwino, nthawi yogula zinthu ndi yochepa ndipo mtengo wake ndi wochepa; koma pamene ubale wapadziko lonse uli wovuta, makamaka pamene maubwenzi akunja sali abwino, kusinthasintha kwamitengo yazinthu ndi kubweza sikungatsimikizidwe. . Mwachitsanzo, pamene ubale ndi United States wakhala wovuta m'zaka zaposachedwapa, Mkhalidwe wongokhala uwu udzakulitsidwa. Ulamuliro wakale wamafakitale wotsogozedwa ndi United States umagwira gulu kuti liletse chitukuko cha China ndikuchedwetsa chitukuko chamakampani aku China.. Monga makampani a chip, padzakhala zolepheretsa pakupereka zinthu zamtundu. Zitha kukhalanso kuti zida zopangira zinthu zokakamira zimakhazikitsidwa, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti bizinesi yonse ipite patsogolo mosatekeseka. Kuchokera apa titha kuwona kuti makina opangira jekeseni sangakhale odzitukumula. Zimawoneka zazikulu ndi zowala kunja, koma ilibe zenizeni zakezake, ndipo dzinalo silikugwirizana ndi zenizeni. Podziwa izi, ndi mafakitale ena omwe ali ndi makina opangira jakisoni?

4.Monopoly waukadaulo wakunja

Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku kufooka kwa makina opangira jekeseni kuti ngakhale makina opangira jekeseni a China apangidwa mofulumira ndipo ndi aakulu kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa., Zopangira zazikulu zamakina onse opangira jekeseni komanso ukadaulo wopanga zinthu zazikulu zamakina omangira jekeseni akadali m'manja mwa opanga zodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi.. Kupanga makina opangira jekeseni akadali akhanda, makamaka pompa mafuta, valavu yamafuta ndi wowongolera makina amagetsi opangira jakisoni wa hydraulic. Chifukwa chake: Choyamba, kufunitsitsa kutsagana ndi kupambana mwachangu komanso kupindula mwachangu. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri zachitukuko chachuma chapakhomo, ziribe kanthu kuti ndi mafakitale ati omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi ndalama, kukoma mtima kwa ndalama zachangu ndi mtundu wa chiyembekezo chapafupi; chachiwiri ndi chakuti makina am'mafakitale omwe amapanga zinthuzi amaletsedwabe ndi mphamvu zamafakitale zakunja, zida zamakina zopangira zinthuzi ziyenera kutumizidwa kunja, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera

Chachitatu ndi chakuti mabizinesi sali olimba mokwanira kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zamafakitale adziko lonse. Kumbali ya chitukuko cha bizinesi, mabizinesi sadzayika chitukuko chawo pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chomwe sichingawoneke kapena kukhudzidwa. Ndalama zoterezi ndizokwera kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zonse likhoza kukhala phompho lopanda malire. , akhoza kupambana; akhoza kulephera; ndipo makasitomala otsiriza omwe amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira jekeseni sali okonzeka kuvomereza mankhwala omwe ali ndi mbewa. Zotsatira zake, mabizinesi alibe chilimbikitso chokwanira chogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangidwa kunyumba pamakina opangira jakisoni; ngakhale mabizinesi ali ndi malingaliro oti agwiritse ntchito zida zopangidwa m'nyumba, alibe kulimba mtima kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zopangidwa m'nyumba. Kuphatikiza apo, kugulitsa zinthu zapakhomo ndi njira imodzi yogulitsira zinthu. Malingana ngati sizili zifukwa za mwiniwakeyo, zinthu zogulidwa zidzasintha zitsanzo ndikubwerera kuti zitheke bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama ziwonjezeke kosatha. kupewa zenizeni. Pakadali pano, Mitundu yazinthu zazikulu pamakina opangira jekeseni akadali olamulidwa ndi mitundu yakale yamafakitale akunja ndi zinthu zamphamvu.

5 .Momwe mungatulukire

Kuphwanya momwe zinthu zilili panopa kulamulidwa ndi ena mu jekeseni akamaumba makina makampani, mibadwo ya akatswiri opanga makina opangira jakisoni amafunikira kuti apereke zopereka mopanda dyera mumakampani opanga makina apulasitiki; pa ntchito ya capital, payenera kukhala amalonda owona patali omwe amaika ndalama m'makampani odziwa bwino komanso oyendetsedwa ndi makina apulasitiki. Kukulitsa mwakuya, sungani makampani oyambira pachimake, landa ufulu wolankhula m'makampani oyambira, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ndi mphamvu pakukula kwamakampani akuluakulu aku China; Othandizira ambiri azinthu zofunikira ayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe amakampani onse ndikuphatikiza makina ojambulira jekeseni Gulu lazokonda zamafakitale amawongolera ntchito ndikuchita mogwirizana ndi malingaliro amakampani onse opanga makina opangira jekeseni.; kuyambira pakupambana-kupambana ndikukhala wamkulu ndi wamphamvu, imafulumizitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuyesa zida zamakina opangira jakisoni pamakina athunthu omangira jekeseni; kuchokera pamlingo wamakampani, pakhoza kukhala Innovation, kwambiri njira, chitukuko ndi kukulitsa chilengedwe, lolani anthu ambiri kutenga nawo mbali ndikuthandizira kumakampani opanga makina opangira jekeseni komanso mafakitale oyambira, ndipo potsiriza kuthandizira makampani a dziko lalikulu, lolani makampani olemera aku China apite kudziko lapansi, ndi kuyesetsa mosalekeza kuti apeze nzeru.