ਪਲਾਸਟਿਕ extruder ਬੁਨਿਆਦੀ ਗਿਆਨ

The main engine of the ਪਲਾਸਟਿਕ extruder is the extruder, which consists of an extrusion system, a transmission system and a heating and cooling system.

1. Extrusion system The extrusion system includes ਪੇਚ,ਬੈਰਲ, ਹੌਪਰ, head, and die. The plastic is plasticized into a uniform melt through the extrusion system, and under the pressure established in this process, the screw is continuously Extruder head.

(1) Screw: It is the most important part of the extruder. It is directly related to the application range and productivity of the extruder. It is made of high-strength, corrosion-resistant alloy steel.

(2) Cylinder: It is a metal cylinder, generally made of alloy steel or composite steel pipe lined with alloy steel that is heat-resistant, high-pressure-resistant, strong, wear-resistant, and corrosion-resistant.

The barrel and the screw are matched to realize the crushing, softening, melting, plasticizing, exhaust and compaction of the plastic, and the continuous and uniform delivery of the rubber material to the molding system. ਆਮ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ, the length of the barrel is 15-30 times its diameter, so that the plastic can be fully heated and plasticized as a principle.

(3) Hopper: The bottom of the hopper is equipped with a cutting device to adjust and cut off the material flow. The side of the hopper is equipped with a sight hole and a calibration metering device.

(4) Machine head and mold: The machine head is composed of an alloy steel inner sleeve and a carbon steel outer sleeve, and a forming mold is installed in the machine head. The function of the machine head is to transform the rotating plastic melt into parallel linear motion, introduce it into the mold sleeve evenly and smoothly, and give the plastic the necessary molding pressure.

The plastic is plasticized and compacted in the barrel, and flows into the molding die of the die through the neck of the die through the porous filter plate along a certain flow path. The die core and die sleeve are properly matched to form an annular gap with a decreasing cross-section, so that the plastic melt is in A continuous and dense tubular coating is formed around the core wire.

In order to ensure the plastic flow path in the machine head is reasonable and eliminate the dead angle of the accumulated plastic, a shunt sleeve is often installed. In order to eliminate pressure fluctuations during plastic extrusion, a pressure equalizing ring is also installed. The machine head is also equipped with a mold correction and adjustment device, which is convenient to adjust and correct the concentricity of the mold core and the mold sleeve.

According to the angle between the material flow direction of the die head and the center line of the screw, the extruder divides the die head into an oblique die head (with an angle of 120o) and a right angle die head. The shell of the machine head is fixed on the fuselage with bolts. The mold in the machine head has a mold core seat, and is fixed to the inlet port of the machine head with a nut.

The mold core seat is equipped with a mold core, a mold core and a mold core seat. There is a hole in the center of the core for passing the core wire; a pressure equalizing ring is installed in the front of the machine head to equalize the pressure; the extrusion molding part is composed of a die sleeve seat and a die sleeve, and the position of the die sleeve can be adjusted by the bolts. , In order to adjust the relative position of the die sleeve to the die core, it is convenient to adjust the uniformity of the extruded layer thickness. The outside of the machine head is equipped with a heating device and a temperature measuring device.

2. Transmission system The function of the transmission system is to drive the screw and supply the torque and speed required by the screw in the extrusion process. It is usually composed of a motor, a reducer and a bearing.

3. Heating and cooling device Heating and cooling are necessary conditions for the plastic extrusion process to proceed.

• Now the extruder usually uses electric heating, which is divided into resistance heating and induction heating. The heating sheet is installed in the body, neck, and head of each part. The heating device externally heats the plastic in the cylinder to heat it up to reach the temperature required for the process operation.
• (2) The cooling device is set up to ensure that the plastic is in the temperature range required by the process. Specifically, it is to eliminate the excess heat generated by the shear friction of the screw rotation, so as to prevent the plastic from decomposing, scorching or shaping difficult due to excessive temperature. The barrel cooling is divided into water cooling and air cooling.
• ਆਮ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ, air cooling is more suitable for small and medium-sized extruders, and water cooling or a combination of the two types of cooling are used for large-scale extruders. The screw cooling mainly adopts central water cooling to increase the solid conveying rate of materials.
• Stabilize the amount of glue and improve the quality of the product. ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ, the cooling at the hopper is to strengthen the conveying effect of solid materials and prevent the plastic particles from sticking and clogging the material opening due to heating, and to ensure the normal operation of the transmission part.

ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ 100 ਵਿਕਾਸ ਦੇ ਸਾਲ, plastic extruders have derived from the original single-screw, multiple-screw, multi-screw, and even non-screw models. The plastic extruder (host) can be used with various plastic molding auxiliary machines such as pipe, film, holding material, monofilament, flat wire, strapping, extruding net, board (sheet) material, profiled material, pelletizing, cable coating, ਆਦਿ. Matching to form various plastic extrusion molding production lines to produce various plastic products.

The development trend of plastic extruder

1. The extruder is developing in the direction of large-scale, high-speed, and high-efficiency

ਨੂੰ

Foreign extruders with screw diameters of 200-250mm are already common, and special extruders with screw diameters greater than 400mm are not uncommon. Increasing the diameter of the screw can increase the production capacity of the extruder. When the diameter of the screw is doubled, the production capacity of the extruder can be increased several times.

High-speed and ultra-high-speed extruders with speeds above 300r/min have appeared in foreign countries, which greatly improves the production capacity of extruders. ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ, the increase of the speed will bring about problems such as poor plasticization, which leads to the emergence of many new types of screws, such as separation type, mixing type, barrier type, split type, combined type and so on. The length-to-diameter ratio of the screw has also developed from 20:1 ਨੂੰ 36:1, and some are as high as 43:1.

2. Modularity

The auxiliary equipment of the extruder has also been improved and standardized to meet the requirements of different plastic products. Modular production can adapt to the special requirements of different users, shorten the development cycle of new products, and strive for a larger market share;

while specialized production can arrange fixed-point production or even global procurement for each system module component of the extrusion molding equipment. Ensuring the quality of the entire period, reducing costs, and accelerating capital turnover are all very beneficial.

ਨੂੰ

3. Intelligent and networked

Extruders in developed countries have generally adopted modern electronic and computer control technology. The process parameters of the entire extrusion process, such as melt pressure and temperature, body temperature of each section, main screw and feed screw speed, and feed volume, are widely used.

The parameters such as the ratio of the raw materials and the current and voltage of the motor are detected online, and the microcomputer closed-loop control is adopted. Some companies have adopted online remote monitoring, diagnosis and control, and network control of extrusion molding production lines. This is extremely beneficial for ensuring the stability of the process conditions and improving the accuracy of the product.

4. Customization

In order to meet the requirements of new materials and new processes, new or special extruders continue to appear. Such as three-screw extruder and planetary multi-screw, non-screw extruder, reactive extruder, two-color extruder, foaming extruder, ਆਦਿ.

ਨੂੰ

What is the industry prospect of plastic extruder?

As my country’s extruder products are closely linked to strategic new industries, they have the advantages of high efficiency, energy saving and high cost performance. Exports to developed countries are mainly low-end and medium-end products. This part of consumer demand is rigid. ਇਸ ਲਈ, the plastic machinery industry will have broad market prospects. ਇੱਕੋ ਹੀ ਸਮੇਂ ਵਿੱਚ, we also need to see the challenges we face!

Industry needs:

(1) Starting from the development of plastic products, provide users of plastic machinery with a full range of services from products, process formulas, equipment and after-sales services.

(2) According to the user’s requirements, design and manufacture suitable equipment specifically for users to solve their technological difficulties.

(3) Learn from the technological development of related industries in time and apply the latest scientific and technological achievements to the industry. Such as the scientific and technological achievements of electronics, communication industry, automobile industry and aerospace industry.

(4) Keep up with the progress of materials science and adapt new equipment to the processing of new raw materials.

(5) Strive for high-speed, high-efficiency and energy-saving equipment operation.

Coping strategies:

(1) Break the original industry boundaries and realize that plastic machinery serves a larger market.

(2) Continue to learn from foreign advanced products and processes and equipment to develop China’s plastic machinery and improve the technical level.

(3) Avoid vicious domestic competition and open up foreign markets.

(4) Concentrate on growing the business in a certain local market.

(5) Increase investment in science and technology, accelerate the absorption of high-quality management and scientific and technical personnel, in order to further develop and strive to reach the international advance

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