Ukubuka isimo samanje nekusasa lemboni eyisisekelo yasekhaya kusukela embonini yomshini wokubumba umjovo

0.-Catshangwa

Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kweshumi yokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwe imishini yokubumba umjovo EChina, Imishini yokubumba yokujova ikhule kusuka kokuncane kuya enkulu, kusuka buthakathaka kuya kokuqinile, futhi ube yingxenye enkulu yezwe. Ngokwezentengiso zonyaka zemishini yokuhlanganisa yokujova, banendawo emazingeni omhlaba jikelele. , ungumkhiqizi omkhulu kanye nomthumeli wemishini yepulasitiki [1]. Ngokuqondene neziqu zabakhiqizi bomshini bokubumba umjovo abathintekayo, Kunamaqoqo amabili ePearl River Delta kanye ne-Yangtze River Delta. Endaweni ye-Yangtze River Delta, NgeNingbo njengesikhungo, Kukhona abakhiqizi bokubumba ababumba osayizi abahlukahlukene nosayizi, futhi baningi abakhiqizi bezimboni abasezingeni eliphezulu nabaphansi abayisekelayo, Ukwakha isilinganiso esiphelele sokusekela imishini yokubumba yokujova. finyelela inombolo enkulu. Noma kunjalo, Inani lokukhipha kanye nenzuzo yomshini wokubumba umjovo awukwazi ukufanisa okuphumayo okukhulu. Ingathathwa njengokukhishwa kwenzuzo encane kepha inzuzo esheshayo, okungokwalo ngohlobo olubanzi, umphumela wokunikela kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu, okuphumayo okuphansi, kanye nezimboni ezikhuthele zabasebenzi.

I-Exports iyimishini ephansi yokuphela, futhi ukungenisa kuyinto ephelele yokuphela. Kungashiwo nokuthi ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kuyinsimbi nokungeniswa kwezobuchwepheshe [1]. Ukwanda kokukhishwa kwemishini yokubumba yokujova kufana nokuthengisa izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokushintsha indlela yokuthengisa insimbi. I-iron ore yathengwa yaphesheya kwezilwandle iye yakhungathekiswa ukungcoliswa okuphezulu, Bese kufakwa kakhulu kuhlanganiswe ngokuqukethwe okulinganiselwe kwezobuchwepheshe, bese ithunyelwa, Ama-margins atholakele atholakala mancane kakhulu. Kusuka ngaphandle, Umkhakha owenziwe uyakhuphuka futhi ugcwele ubungqabavu. Empeleni, Kusanda kulandela ukubonwa okulandelayo, okuholele ekutheni kube nohlobo lomncintiswano wokuzisebenzisa embonini, okuletha umnikelo omkhulu emvelweni kanye nezinsizakusebenza ze-Upstream Imboni Yezimboni. Ngokombono wezimpawu zokuncintisana kwemakethe, esikhathini esedlule, kwakungukunwetshwa kwenani kanye nokuncintisana kwentengo[1] .

1.Indlela yokuthuthukisa yomshini wokubumba umjovo eChina

Ngemva kuka 30 iminyaka yentuthuko, Imishini yokubumba yokujoyina yamaShayina ikhule kusuka ekuqaleni, kusuka kokuncane kuya enkulu. Kusukela ngo-1990s, Indawo yokuzalwa yemishini yokubumba imijovo isezinhlangothini zombili zePearl River Esticy. Kwakusondelene neHong Kong ngaleso sikhathi. Ngosizo lwezinzuzo zezwe, Ukuguqulwa kwaba yindawo yokuqala. IHong Kong neTaiwan banemishini eminingi yokuhlanganisa yokuhlanganisa. Big brands such as: Chen Hsong, Yilida , Baoyuan, Taiwan’s Quan Lifa, Zhongtai Precision Machinery, Fu Chunxin, njll. At the beginning of the 21st century, injection molding machines began to expand from the south to the mainland of China. The rising star of the Yangtze River Delta has gradually achieved rapid development, and the Yangtze River Delta region has Ningbo as the center to radiate the surrounding areas. The injection molding machines are blooming everywhere, and many local companies have been born.

In the first ten years of the 21st century, injection molding machines from Hong Kong and Taiwan, as well as South Korea and Japan, gradually lost their former advantages and gradually faded out of the Chinese market. Local companies gradually exploded. This process is a process of ebb and flow. Ngalesi sikhathi, Kunamaqoqo amabili amakhulu emishini yokubumba yomjovo, kanye namaketanga asekelayo asezingeni eliphezulu nawaphansi, njenge: I-Pearl River Delta kanye ne-Yangtze River Delta, ngokulandelana nhlangothi zombili zePearl River Bay eGuangdong; I-Yangtze River DELTA igxile kuNingbo, Ukuletha inani elikhulu lezimboni ezisekelayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kweChina kufake ubungqabavu emnothweni ovulekile, bakhuthaza inqubekela phambili ephelele yokucubungula kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nokwenza ngcono izinsizakalo,

Umthelela omkhulu ngalesi sikhathi bekuwukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komqondo wesevisi yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezisindayo zasekhaya, ikakhulukazi ukwenziwa ngcono kwemishini yokusebenza esindayo yokukhiqiza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isheshise ukuguqulwa komqondo wokucubungula abasebenzi abakhiqizayo. Mayelana nalokhu, Kuyinzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke engeke ithathelwe indawo. Ukuvuna okunelisayo kungumnikelo omkhulu kunabo bonke embonini yokusebenza kwasekhaya kanye nokwenza ngcono okukhulu esithombeni sawo wonke imboni eyisisekelo yokucubungula. Ivumela imboni yokusebenza eyisisekelo yasekhaya ukuba ime emugqeni wokuqala wokuqala njengezinkampani zomshini wokuhloliwa kwangaphandle ngokulandela ukwesekwa komqondo wesevisi, futhi inamandla okuncintisana nezinkampani zomshini wokujoyina zakwamanye amazwe zokuhlanganisa. Abakhiqizi bokubumba bokubumba banepulatifomu efanayo yokuxoxisana kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukubamba iqhaza kumncintiswano wamazwe omhlaba, okuncomeka kakhulu. ukucubungula kwe-Stic and Proction Technology kanye nokwenza ngcono izinsizakalo.

2.Isimo samanje semishini yokubumba yomjovo eChina

Ngokuya ngesakhiwo, Umshini wokuhlolisisa we-Hydraulic Power umjovo uhlanganiswa nezingxenye eziyisithupha eziphambili: Uhlaka lwe-Clamping Colum Farm Ingxenye, Ingxenye yomjovo, Ingxenye yensimbi yensimbi yensimbi, Ingxenye ye-Hydraulic, ingxenye yokulawula kagesi, Ingxenye ye-Lubrication ingxenyenjalo. Kuze kufike esakhiweni esikhulu sengxenye ngayinye siyathinteka, Ingxenye yensimbi eshidi yohlaka konke ifakwe ngamaphrofayili namapuleti ngokusebenzisa i-welding enzima; Ingxenye yohlaka lwe-Clamping Columm kanye ne-Umjoction MALT PARTER Susa uphawu nokusekelwa kusilinda se-actuator yengxenye yengxenye ngokwawo nayo icubungulwa kusuka ezingxenyeni zensimbi uqobo kanye namaphrofayili;

Ingxenye ye-hydraulic yomshini wokukhomba wokondla we-hydraulic amandla wokondla lokungezelela yakhiwa izingxenye zamandla, Prime Movers, Amaphampu kawoyela; izingxenye eziphezulu, Ama-Oyili Ama-Valves, Amasilinda kawoyela; Ukuxhuma Amapayipi, njll. Lezi zingxenye nezinye izinto zenziwa ikakhulukazi eJalimane naseJapan emshinini wokubumba we-hydraulic umjovo. Njenge: Iphampu yamafutha yomthombo wamandla kanye nama-actuator ama-actuator ahlukahlukene, kanye nemikhiqizo yokulingisa yama-valves ngamanye eTaiwan; Ingxenye yokulawula nge-elekthronikhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yomshini wokubumba womjovo, okulingana nesikhungo sezinzwa kanye nobuchopho bomuntu. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe eJapan yiyona ephambili, Futhi imikhiqizo eyenziwe eTaiwan izengezwa. Imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngabakhiqizi basekhaya empeleni isetshenziswa emishini yokubumba yomjovo, futhi cishe akekho noyedwa kubo okhushulwe kabanzi.

Ngokwezimpawu zokwakheka kwesakhiwo somshini wokuhlanganisa umjovo, Ngaphezu kwengxenye yekholomu yokubopha, Ingxenye yomjovo, Ingxenye yensimbi yensimbi yensimbi, ingxenye yokulawula kagesi nengxenye ye-lubrication, okujwayelekile kwisakhiwo somshini wokuhlanganisa umjovo we-hydraulic, Kukhona futhi ama-Power and Transsure Parts. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomshini wokuhlolisisa womjovo womjovo wonke kanye nomshini wokuhlanganisa amandla we-hydraulic, Umehluko omkhulu kakhulu ukuthi umshini wokufaka umjovo womjovo we-Umjovo Wezimbotshana Zonke awunawo amandla kagesi aguqulwe abe amandla we-hydraulic, bese iguqulwa isuka emandleni we-hydraulic ibe amandla emishini, Ukuqeda isixhumanisi esiphakathi nendawo kokuguqulwa kwamandla kwe-hydraulic. Ukuguqulwa kwamandla we-hydraulic ashiyiwe, Futhi ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi kumandla we-hydraulic kuyancishiswa. Lapho amandla e-hydraulic eguqulwa abe amandla okusebenza, ukushisa okukhiqizwe ingcindezi ye-hydraulic, Ukulahleka kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kokuguqulwa kwangaphakathi kwamandla emishini kuletha ukuthuthukiswa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla; Yonke imishini yokubumba kagesi kagesi uhlelo lwamandla luqhutshwa yiwo wonke ama-motors, Incike kubuchwepheshe be-PLC kanye ne-Servo Control Technology, okungafinyelela ukulawulwa okuphezulu okuphezulu nokusindisa amandla amakhulu ngenkathi ugwema umsindo ojwayelekile, Ukuvuza ukushisa kanye no-OIL kwemishini yokubumba yohlobo lwe-hydraulic

Ngaphandle kokudluliselwa kanye nokuguqulwa kwamandla we-hydraulic, Imboni ye-Upstream izoncika ezimayini zemvelo, Ukungcola kuzoba mncane, Futhi kuzoba nesisusa esisha nesiqondiso sokuthuthuka okuzinzile kwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, Umshini wokuhlanganisa umjovo we-All-Electric Electric unikezwe idumela lokusindisa kwamandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Umshini Wokubumba Wokubumba Konke Wokuhlobisa Onke Uguqula Amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini ngokuguqulwa kwemishini, Ngaleyo ndlela ubona amandla okushayela. Umshini wokuhlanganisa umjovo we-All-Electric Electric ungagcina amandla ngo 30% ku 60% qhathanisa nemishini yokuhlanganisa yomjovo ejwayelekile ye-hydraulic[3][5], futhi ingabona ukuthi isenzo se-multi-action run synchronungly [4][5]. Umshini wokuhlolisisa womjovo we-All-Electric udinga iqoqo lokuguqula amadivaysi aguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla okusebenza, Futhi izakhi ezisetshenziselwa ukuhambisa i-torque namandla kufanele zincike kakhulu emazweni aphesheya futhi zitholwe yizinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezaziwayo; Ezinye izinto zokulawula azikwazanga ukufanisa amathuba ngamanye amagama, Izwe lisesigabeni sengane encane. Ngokwesibonelo, isikulufa sokudlulisela i-torque namandla omjovo womjovo wokujoyina womjovo we-all-genec kathathu isathenjwa kabanzi ekungeniswe okuvela eJapan, futhi isalawulwa ubuchwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe. Ingakhiqizwa Ngaphansi, kepha kuncane kuphela ububanzi. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi imishini yokucubungula incike ekungenisweni, Futhi ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula budinga ukwenziwa ngcono futhi bakwazi kahle. ; Ukushayela kwengxenye yokulawula kusathembela eYurophu naseJapan, ekwenza umshini wokubumba womzimba wonke womuntu wonke wokubumba ucezu lwamafutha wonke umuntu afuna ukukudla, Kepha izindleko zokuthenga zezingxenye zomshini ziphezulu kakhulu, Futhi izindleko zokulungisa esikhathini esizayo zenza umshini wokufaka umjovo womjovo Womzimba Womzimba Womkhiqizo Onke AKUFA INDAWO YEMANDLA.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, Emazweni angaphandle, Emazweni athile adala anesisekelo esiqinile sezimboni, Imishini emincane futhi ephakathi nendawo yokubumba imishini yokubumba akuseyikhiqizi imishini yokubumba ye-hydraulic umjovo. Noma kukhiqizwa noma kukhiqizwa imishini yokubumba ye-hydraulic, Ingxenye iphansi. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nocwaningo ekudluliseleni amandla kagesi kwezinye izimboni kuholele ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha wonke, njengeJapan. Ukwahlulela kusuka ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwemishini yokubumba yomjovo kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, Noma ngabe kuwumshini wokubumba womjovo womjovo womjovo we-hydraulic umjovo, Izakhi zayo eziyinhloko nezomgogodla azikafinyeleli isilinganiso esithile sendawo.

3. Buthakathaka ngaphansi komshini wokubumba umjovo

Kusuka ekwakhekeni nasekwakhekeni kwezakhi zomshini wokuhlanganisa umjovo, Kuyabonakala ukuthi izingxenye ezibalulekile, Izingxenye zamandla nezilawuli zemishini yokuhlonza yokuhlanganisa yomjovo yezilwane azikwazanga ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yasekhaya eChina, okuholele ekubuthweni okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe noma inqubo yomshini wonke wokubumba umjovo osathembela emazweni angaphandle. Izizathu azitholakali nje: Eyokuqala ukuthi ifektri ngayinye yokuhlanganisa umjovo isebenzisa imikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe isikhathi eside. Ukucabanga kwe-inertia kungenxa yenkimbinkimbi; enye ukuthi ukusebenza okuthile nokusebenzisa imiphumela yemikhiqizo yasekhaya, kufaka phakathi impilo yenkonzo, kude nokufinyelela umphumela ofanayo nemikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe yemikhiqizo efanayo; Noma iyiphi ifektri yomshini wokungezelela wokuhlobisa ngebhizinisi layo elinempilo futhi eliqinile, Akunakwenzeka ukuthi udele umfutho wezentuthuko omuhle kakhulu webhizinisi lakhe ukuze uthuthukise izinga lokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ephethwe nguhulumeni yaseChina kumachashazi wokubumba wokujova, Ngakho-ke amandla nokulawula ingxenye yemishini yokubumba yokuhlanganisa isazobuswa yimikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe isikhathi eside.

Njenge: Amaphampu kawoyela, Ama-Oyili Ama-Valves, Futhi abalawuli bengxenye yokulawula ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo evela kumandla amakhulu ezimboni eYurophu naseJapan. Umphumela wesikhathi eside walokhu: Lapho ubudlelwane bamazwe omhlaba buhle, Umjikelezo wokuthengwa kwempahla mfushane futhi izindleko ziphansi; Kepha lapho ubudlelwane bamanye amazwe bubuthakathaka, ikakhulukazi lapho ubudlelwane bangaphandle bungebuhle, Ukushintshashintsha kwamanani womkhiqizo kanye nemijikelezo yokulethwa akunakuqinisekiswa. . Ngokwesibonelo, Lapho ubudlelwane ne-United States bebeshubile eminyakeni yamuva nje, Lesi simo esivelele sizokwengeza ngokungenakugwenywa. Amandla amadala ezimboni aholwa yi-United States ephethe iqembu ukunqanda ukukhula kweChina nokubambezela ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yaseChina. Njengomkhakha we-chip, Kuzoba nebhodlela ekuhlinzekweni kwemikhiqizo yomkhiqizo. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi imishini yokukhiqiza yomkhiqizo onamathele isethiwe, okwadala ukuthi yonke imboni iqhubekele phambili. Kulokhu siyabona ukuthi imboni yomshini wokungezelela umjovo ayinakuba puffy. Kubukeka kukhulu futhi kukhanya ngaphandle, Kepha akunakho okuqukethwe kwangempela, Futhi igama alihambelani neqiniso. Ukwazi kulokhu, ezinye izimboni ezisesimweni esifanayo nemishini yokubumba yokujova?

4.I-Monopoly yobuchwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe

Kungabonakala ebuqilini bemboni yomshini wokuhlanganisa umjovo yize imishini yokuhlanganisa umjovo yaseChina yathuthuka ngokushesha futhi inkulu kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, Imikhiqizo eyisisekelo yomshini wonke wokubumba umjovo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza imikhiqizo eyinhloko yemikhiqizo yomjovo osesezandleni zabakhiqizi bomhlaba wonke abaziwayo bomhlaba wonke. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemidwebo yomshini wokubumba imikhiqizo yezakhi kusekusencane, ikakhulukazi ipompo kawoyela, I-OIL VALVE kanye nesilawuli soMshini Wokubumba Wama-Hydraulic umjovo. Isizathu: Okokuqala, Ukulangazelela ukuhambisana nempumelelo esheshayo kanye nenzuzo esheshayo. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi kangaka yokuthuthukiswa komnotho wasekhaya wasekhaya, Akunandaba ukuthi yimiphi imboni ebolekwe ngemali, ukuthandwa kwemali esheshayo uhlobo lokulindela okusondele; Okwesibili ukuthi imishini ye-master yezezimboni eyenza le mikhiqizo isavinjelwe amandla asungulwe kwezimboni, Amathuluzi omshini wokucubungula le mikhiqizo asadinga ukungeniswa, kanti izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu

Okwesithathu ukuthi amabhizinisi awaqinile ngokwanele ukuthuthukisa amandla angaba khona ezimboni ezibalulekile zezwe lonke. Ngokuya ngentuthuko yebhizinisi, Amabhizinisi ngeke abeke ezawo ukuthuthuka ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni okungabonakali noma kuthinteke. Izindleko ezinjalo zokutshala imali ziphakeme kakhulu, futhi kungahle kube ngumgodi ongenamkhawulo. , ingaphumelela; ingahle yehluleke; kanye namakhasimende okugcina asebenzisa umshini wokubumba umjovo awalungele ukwamukela umkhiqizo oqukethe igundane. Ngenxa yalokho, Amabhizinisi anesisusa esanele sokusebenzisa izingxenye ezikhiqizwe ngaphambi kwezindlela zemishini yokubumba yomjovo; Noma ngabe amabhizinisi anomuzwa wokusebenzisa izingxenye ezikhiqizwe ekhaya, Abanaso isibindi sokusebenzisa izingxenye ezikhiqizwe ngaphambi kwendlu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ukuthengiselana kwemikhiqizo yezingxenye ezifuywayo kuyimodeli yokuthengwa kwempahla eyodwa. Inqobo nje uma kungezona izizathu zabahlinzeki uqobo, Imikhiqizo ethengiwe izoshintsha amamodeli bese ibuyela ukuze ithuthukise ukusebenza, okuholele ekukhuphukeni okungenamkhawulo kwezindleko. ukugwema okungokoqobo. Kuze kube manje, Imikhiqizo yezakhi ezisemqoka emitshinini yokukhomba yomjovo isabuswa yimikhiqizo yezimboni yakwamanye amazwe nemikhiqizo enamandla.

5 .Ungaphuma kanjani

Ukwephula isimo samanje sokulawulwa abanye embonini yomshini wokuhlanganisa umjovo, Izizukulwane zabasebenza ngomshini wokubumba izilonda kufanele benze iminikelo yokuzibonakalisa embonini yomshini wepulasitiki; Mayelana nokusebenza kwenhlokodolobha, Kufanele kube khona osomabhizinisi ababonakele abatshala imali embonini yezobusuku onolwazi futhi eqhutshwa. Ukuthuthukisa ukujula, gcina imboni eyisisekelo ephakeme kwayo, bamba ilungelo lokukhuluma embonini eyisisekelo, bese ujova amandla namandla ekwakhiweni kwemboni eyisisekelo yaseChina; Ochwepheshe abaningi bemikhiqizo yezakhi kumele babe nokubuka komshini wonke kanye nokuhlanganiswa komshini wokubumba komphakathi izintshisekelo zefektri yomshini zithuthukisa insizakalo yomkhakha wonke womjovo womjovo womjovo; Kusukela esimweni sokuwina sokuwina nokuba nkulu futhi kube namandla, Isheshisa ukusetshenziswa nokuqulwa kwecala lomshini womshini wokuhlolisisa ezifuywayo emshinini wokufaka umjovo ophelele; kusuka ezingeni lemboni, Kungaba khona izinto ezintsha, Isu elinamandla, ukuthuthukiswa nokwanda kwemvelo, Vumela abantu abaningi bahlanganyele futhi bafake isandla emkhakheni womshini wokubumba wokujoyina kanye nomkhakha oyisisekelo wokucubungula, futhi ekugcineni usekele imboni yezwe elikhulu, Vumela imboni enzima yaseChina iye emhlabeni, futhi wenze imizamo yokungachazi ukufeza ubukhazikhazi.