Ukuhlaziywa Nesixazululo Somshini Wokukhiya Womsila Womshini Wokubumba Umjovo uLiang Kunliang

1 Isizinda sobuchwepheshe

Okwamanje, isidingo sezintambo zezintambo zenayiloni emphakathini siyaqhubeka sikhula, kanye nezinhlobo zethulwa njalo. Izibopho zezintambo zenayiloni zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni, electronics, izimboni zikagesi nezinye zezimboni, esetshenziselwa ukubopha nokubopha noma izintambo zokuqedela, futhi ingagwema izintambo lapho kusetshenziswa inqubo yokusonta okubangelwa isithombe esibi somkhiqizo noma umlilo wesekethe emfishane kanye nezinye izingozi zokuphepha ezimbi. [1] Izibopho zenayiloni ziyimikhiqizo emincane yodonga. [2] , imvamisa yizinhlayiya zenayiloni yepulasitiki ye-PA kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezilwa nokuguga ze-UV ngomshini wokubumba umjovo wokushisisa isikhunta sepulasitiki isikhathi esisodwa [3] . Idizayini yomshini wokubumba umjovo wentambo yenayiloni iyadingeka ukuze ube namandla amakhulu okubamba kanye nesivinini esikhulu (umjikelezo osheshayo) izici.

Umshini wokubumba umjovo wentambo enayiloni engu-530t owenziwe ngokuzimela yi-Weiya Company uyimodeli entsha eklanywe ngokwezidingo ezimbili ezingenhla.. Ngemva kokuphothulwa komshini wokukhiqiza isilingo, imodeli ihlolwe ngokufaka isikhunta samanga sokuhlola. I-clamping force yemodeli ingafinyelela ku-620t, futhi isikhunta sokuvula nokuvala asikho ngaphezu kwama-3s. Ekuqaleni komklamo, amapuleti amathathu (ipuleti elilungisiwe, ipuleti elinyakazayo nomsila) of clamping mechanism ziyahlolwa ngokusho 660 t clamping force. Ngamanye amazwi, noma amandla e-clamping efinyelela 660 t, umshini usengasebenza ngokujwayelekile. Noma kunjalo, ukuze usebenzise ukuphepha komshini futhi ugweme ukulayisha ngokweqile umshini, kuyadingeka ukusetha uhlelo lwekhompiyutha ukuze amandla amakhulu okubamba angabi ngaphezu 600 t.

2 Ucwaningo nokuhlaziya

Ngokwempendulo yekhasimende kanye nokuvakasha kwezimakethe ezizimele nokuzihlola, kwatholakala ukuthi amapuleti omsila wezifanekiso zomshini wokubumba umjovo ezine aphukile, kanti enye yayinezimpawu zokuthambekela eziphukile. Isifanekiso singenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zomshini wokubumba umjovo, ingxenye eyinhloko yezindleko zomshini wokubumba umjovo, isifanekiso siphukile, umshini wokubumba umjovo awukwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. [4] Ngokuhlaziya kwe 4 izingcezu zepuleti lomsila eliphukile, ukuqhekeka kwepuleti lomsila eliphukile ngokuyisisekelo lidlula phakathi nendawo yembobo yesikulufu ephakamisa umsila, futhi ingene ngembobo yenqubo yokulingisa yepuleti lomsila, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1.

Okokuqala nje, kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwesakhiwo sokulingisa, nakuba ukwakheka kwezimbobo zenqubo ye-symmetrical ephezulu naphansi ngemuva kwepuleti lomsila wokukhiya akuvamile, le modeli akulona icala lokuqala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamodeli okuqala asebenzisa lesi sakhiwo sokulingisa akhiqiziwe futhi asetshenziswa, futhi akukaze kube khona ukuphuka kwepuleti lomsila. Inzuzo enkulu yalesi sakhiwo ukuthi ngaphakathi kwebanga lokucindezeleka elivumelekile, kunganciphisa kakhulu isisindo sokubunjwa, ukunciphisa izindleko zokulingisa, futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kwezindleko zomshini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yezici zenqubo yokulingisa, ihinge lug yepuleti lomsila liphezulu, engafanele ukusakaza okuqinile. Indlela yendabuko iwukusebenzisa indlela yokuvula nokuqinisa izimbambo kuhinge lug engaphambili kwepuleti lomsila.. Le ndlela yokukhipha ama-hinged lugs ngemuva kwe-tail plate inika ukubukeka okukhulu nokuzwakala ngaphambili kwe-tail plate. Le ndlela yomgodi wenqubo yenza ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwengxenye akuhlukile kakhulu kuleyo yendlela yendabuko, ngisho ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu kwendlela yendabuko.

Okwesibili, indawo yesikulufu yokuphakamisa imbobo yepuleti lomsila ogoqayo walolu hlobo lomshini iyindawo yegeji engashintshi (Umfanekiso 2). Imbobo yesikulufu isetshenziswa kuphela kunqubo yokuthutha nokuphakamisa, futhi imbobo yesikulufu ayisasetshenziswa ngemva kokulungiswa komshini. Amanye amamodeli aye asetshenziswa 5 noma ngisho 10 iminyaka, nepuleti lomsila aliphukanga, kodwa le modeli entsha inezinkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le modeli yakhelwe ngendlela eyanele yokuphepha, leyo, ubukhulu be-clamping force isethwe uhlelo lwekhompyutha, ngakho akukho ukuntuleka kwamandla epuleti lomsila.

Ukuze kutholwe umthombo wenkinga, izingxenye zahlaziywa futhi zaqhathaniswa kusetshenziswa isofthiwe ye-3D. Kutholakala ukuthi indawo yokuphuka iseduze kuphela nendawo yokucindezeleka okukhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwengxenye, kodwa akuhlangani. Futhi, isikhathi sokuphuka kwepuleti lomsila ngokuyisisekelo sigxile enkathini ye 1.5 ku 2 iminyaka yokusetshenziswa. Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kokuqala, ukuphuka kwepuleti le-die locking tail cishe kubangelwa ukukhathala, hhayi ngamandla anganele. Lapho umshini usebenza, ipuleti le-die locking tail plate lihlala lingaphansi kwe-tensile eshintshanayo kanye nengcindezi ecindezelayo edalwa ukuvuleka nokuvala kwefasi.. Lokhu kushintshana kwengcindezi kudluliselwa ku-tail plate ngokusebenzisa ihinge. Umshini wokubumba umjovo wamakhebula othayi benayiloni usesimweni somsebenzi wamandla amakhulu wokubopha ngesivinini esikhulu, okwenza ingcindezi eshintshanayo ibe mkhulu, imvamisa ephezulu.

Okwesithathu, ekuhlaziyweni kwesoftware enezinhlangothi ezintathu, ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwepuleti lomsila kugxilwe endaweni yokuxhumana phakathi kwentambo eyinhloko nepuleti lomsila. Ukuze uthuthukise amandla epuleti lomsila, inhlanganisela ye-tail plate reming lug kanye nembobo yensika yomhlahlandlela imane ijiyile. Ubukhulu bezinto ezikule ngxenye 2 ku 3 izikhathi ezezinye izingxenye eziseduze (Umfanekiso 3). Lokhu akuhambisani nenqubo yokulingisa, ukuze isikhathi sokupholisa sengxenye ngayinye yokulingisa sihluke kakhulu, okuholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu kwangaphakathi ekubumbeni, kunzima ukususa ngesikhathi ukwelashwa umphumela. Ngale ndlela, ngisho esimweni esingasebenzi, kuzoba nokucindezeleka okukhulu kwangaphakathi. Futhi ukulingisa kuleli cala ukushuba okungalingani, emsebenzini, kunzima ukuhlakaza ngempumelelo amandla ezingxenyeni zezingxenye, kuzoba nokuguqulwa okuncane kwendawo, kodwa ukucindezeleka kugxile kakhulu; Nakuba ukucindezeleka akukukhulu kwezinye izingxenye, i-deformation inkulu kakhulu. Izimbobo ezine zobuchwepheshe ngemuva kwepuleti lomsila lomshini wokubumba umjovo wepulasitiki ongu-530t zikhulisa ukushuba okungalingani, ngaphansi kwesenzo esiphindwe kabili sokucindezeleka kwangaphakathi nokucindezeleka okunye, ukuphuka kokukhathala kulula ukwenzeka.

Ekugcineni, imbobo yesikulufu esiphakamisayo sepuleti lomsila nakho kuyisici esinganaki ekuqhekekeni. Ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo kwenani elikhulu lamamodeli wangaphambilini kuveze ukuthi umshini wokubumba umjovo wentambo enayiloni engu-530T ufaka imbobo yesikulufu ephakamisa umsila phakathi nje kwezigaxa zepuleti lomsila. (umkhiwane. 2). Izimbobo zesikulufu esiphakamisayo zamanye amamodeli, nakuba futhi yakhelwe kule ndawo, azikho phakathi nendawo phakathi kwama-hinge lugs, futhi noma ziseduze nendawo, indawo yokusebenza ihlukile kuleyo yemishini yokubumba umjovo we-cable tie. Uma imbobo yesikulufu ephakamisa ipuleti lomsila itholakala nje maphakathi nama-lugs, iyingxenye ebalulekile yamandla kanye nendawo ene-deformation enkulu, futhi ipuleti lomsila lijwayele ukuphuka ukukhathala ukusuka endaweni yokubhoboza yembobo yesikulufu. Imbobo yesikulufu sokuphakamisa ifana nenotshi ku-tail plate, futhi ingcindezi eshintshanayo iklebhula kalula ipuleti lomsila ukusuka ku-notch. Uma la maphuzu ezinkinga avela ngokwehlukana, bangase bangabi nesici esikhulu njengokuphuka. Noma kunjalo, lapho izici zesakhiwo ezingenhla kanye nendawo yokusebenza yamandla amakhulu okubamba ngesivinini esikhulu kanye namanye amaphuzu ezinkinga kwenzeka ndawonye, ipuleti lomsila lizokhathala futhi liphuke ngemva kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani ikhompuyutha ingazange iyihlaziye ekuqaleni komklamo.

3 Isixazululo Design

Okokuqala, ngokushintsha isakhiwo sokulingisa sepuleti lomsila, umshini omusha wokubumba umjovo wakhiwe. Indlela yokuqala yokumba imbobo yezobuchwepheshe ngemuva kwepuleti lomsila ishintshelwa endleleni evamile yokumba imbobo yezobuchwepheshe ngaphambili kokuphinda kufakwe kabusha.. Ukuze ingemuva lepuleti lomsila lixhumeke libe lilonke, ukugwema ukuvela kwezikhala zendawo, ndawonye zithwala amandla adluliswa amadlebe ehinge langaphambili.

Okwesibili, izimbobo zenqubo yokukhipha ama-lug eklanywe kabusha zandisa izinga elithile lokuthambekela (Umfanekiso 4) ukuze ugweme ukuguqulwa kwesimo sezimbobo zenqubo ngemuva nangaphambili kwepuleti lomsila. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, impahla ingancishiswa kancane kancane ukusuka ngemuva kwepuleti lomsila ukuya endlebeni yehinge yangaphambili, ukuze ugweme ukuguquka okungazelelwe kanye nokungalingani okukhulu kobukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo zengxenye ngayinye yokubunjwa.

Futhi, the original tail plate hinge lug and guide pillar hole junction, ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla iphuzu lamandla, impahla yakhelwe ukuba ugqinsile kakhulu, kodwa kuletha ukuphikisana. Ukuze ulinganise ukushuba kwezinto zengxenye ngayinye yokulingisa ngangokunokwenzeka, izimbobo zenqubo zimbiwa phezulu nangaphansi kwepuleti lomsila (Umfanekiso 5), ubukhulu bezinto endaweni buncishisiwe, izinto zengxenye ngayinye zilinganisela ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kuyancipha.

Ekugcineni, ukuze uthuthukise amandla epuleti lomsila, izigxivizo zengezwe ngaphambili kwepuleti lomsila ukuze kuxhunywe ama-reaming lugs emigodini yensika yomhlahlandlela kanye namapuleti aseceleni nhlangothi zombili. (Fig. 6). Umzimba oyinhloko wepuleti lomsila wenza isakhiwo esifana nese-I-beam. Lesi sakhiwo singahlakaza ngempumelelo amandla asebenzayo adluliselwa yi-hinge ear ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zezingxenye, ukunciphisa ukugxila kokucindezeleka, yenza inani lokucindezeleka lendawo lehle kakhulu, futhi uthuthukise ikhono le-anti-deformation. Lesi sakhiwo esiqinisiwe singanikeza umuzwa owugqinsi ngokubukeka, futhi akukubi kakhulu kunangaphambi kokuthuthukiswa.

Ngemva kokunquma ukuguqulwa komklamo wesakhiwo, isofthiwe ye-dimensional emithathu isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa ukucindezeleka kwamapuleti amadala kanye namapuleti amasha. Izinto zezinhlobo ezimbili ze-tailstock yi-nodular cast iron QT500-7. Ingcindezi evumelekile yale nto ingu-320MPa. Amandla ku-tail plate ngesikhathi sokusebenza asethwe ukuze 7200 kN. Ngemva kokuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa, kutholakala ukuthi ipuleti elidala lomsila alihambisani nokuhlakazeka kwengcindezi nokugxila kwendawo, kanye nengcindezi enkulu ifinyelela cishe 278 I-MPa (Umfanekiso 7). Ipuleti elisha lomsila lisebenza kangcono ekuhlakazweni kokucindezeleka, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka okukhulu kuya cishe 164 I-MPa ngenkathi ihlakaza ukucindezeleka (Umfanekiso 8).

Indawo yesikulufu sokuphakamisa imbobo iyashintshwa ukusuka ngemuva kwe-tail plate ukuya ohlangothini lwe-tail plate ukuze kugwenywe ukuqondiswa kwembobo yesikulufu ukuthi kufane nokuqondiswa kwamandla ku-tail plate.. Ngale ndlela, ngokuyisisekelo alikho iphuzu elibuthakathaka eduze nendawo yamandla epuleti lomsila. Umshini omusha wokubumba umjovo kulula ukuwuphatha, kodwa kukhiqizwa endaweni yekhasimende.

Umshini ofanayo wokuxazulula le nkinga, ngoba ikhasimende alikwazi ukumisa ukukhiqiza, uma ipuleti lomsila elisha ngemuva kokushintshwa, futhi uma wonke umsila wepuleti elidala wonke eshintshwa ngepuleti lomsila elisha, izindleko ziphakeme. Ngemva kokuhlola ngokucophelela nokucabangela, Isixazululo siwukuba uqale wenze ipuleti elisha lomsila, ukushintshwa kwamahhala kumakhasimende. Faka esikhundleni ipuleti lomsila, okokuqala ngogqinsi olufanayo lwensimbi yensimbi eshiselwe ngemuva kwepuleti lomsila 4 ukucubungula izimbobo, bese kuba ngensimbi yokushisela insimbi ukuze uxhume imbobo yesikulufu esiphakamisayo.

Uma ipuleti lensimbi livele lishiselwe epuleti lomsila, lezi zinto ezimbili kunzima ukuzihlanganisa ndawonye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lendawo ngesikhathi sokushisela kuzodala ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi okusha epuleti lomsila. Ngemva kokuxhumana ne-Foundry, isisekelo ngokusebenzisa inqubo ekhethekile, okokuqala faka ipuleti lomsila esihlabathini esibunjwayo isikhathi esithile, futhi uyivumele ifudumale iyonke. Lapho ipuleti lomsila lifinyelela izinga elithile lokushisa, khona-ke ukufudumeza kwendawo kwenzelwa ingxenye ye-welding. Khona-ke ipuleti lensimbi liyashiselwa futhi izimbobo zesikulufu zixhunywe nge-electrode ukuze izinto ezisetshenziswayo zihlanganiswe kahle.. Khona-ke ipuleti lomsila liyakhishwa futhi lingcwatshwe esihlabathini esisanda kubhakwa. Ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokushisa legumbi, bese kuba i-tail plate ibe ngaphandle, 20 ku 30 izinsuku zokwelashwa komphumela wesikhathi. Ngale ndlela kungafinyelelwa imiphumela engcono. Bhekana nalawa mapuleti omsila abuyisiwe, bese ithunyelwa kukhasimende. Ngale ndlela, amakhasimende angakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga ngokuyisisekelo ngezindleko eziphansi ngaphandle kokumisa ukukhiqiza futhi afinyelele isimo sokuwina.

4 Isiphetho

Ngendaba yalesi sihloko, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ngokugcwele ukuqina namandla kwesifanekiso, futhi futhi ucabangele indawo yemishini. Kuyadingeka futhi ukufingqa isipiliyoni ngesikhathi. Idizayini yemishini iyinkambu ebanzi futhi ejulile yobuchwepheshe obuchwepheshile, kuphela ithiyori nokwenza kuhlanganiswe ngokugcwele, ubunye bolwazi nokwenza, ukuze uqhubeke nokuthuthuka emsebenzini wangempela.